This page is narrower than its title on purpose. “Relations with Israel” can mean public opinion, covert contacts, trade, security work, rhetoric, or war. For a reader who wants a quick sense of the map, the best first cut is the formal diplomatic one. Who has a peace treaty? Who has a normalization deal? Who has built a public embassy? Who still has not crossed that line?
As of April 19, 2026, the durable record is fairly simple. Two Arab neighbors have formal peace treaties with Israel. Three Abraham Accords states have public Israeli missions on the ground. Sudan signed the Abraham Accords framework but did not build the same mature diplomatic setup. Saudi Arabia still says plainly it does not have ties with Israel and will not, absent a Palestinian-state track.
Formal peace treaties: Egypt and Jordan
The oldest and clearest group is formal peace. Egypt and Israel signed their peace treaty on March 26, 1979. Jordan and Israel signed theirs on October 26, 1994. Those treaties are still the core Arab-Israeli peace documents in force. They matter because they are ratified state-to-state deals, not just quiet understandings. The text of the Egypt-Israel peace treaty and the Israel-Jordan peace treaty are both in the UN Peacemaker archive.
The Abraham Accords states with active public ties
The next group is normalization from the Abraham Accords era.
For the United Arab Emirates, the core document is the Treaty of Peace, Diplomatic Relations and Full Normalization. The tie is no longer theory. Israel’s foreign ministry says its embassy in Abu Dhabi opened in June 2021. It serves as Israel’s formal mission to the UAE. That is the clearest sign the relationship exists on paper and on the ground.
Bahrain’s formal document is the Declaration of Peace, Cooperation, and Constructive Diplomatic and Friendly Relations. Israel’s Bahrain mission is also active in public form. Israeli materials from early 2026 describe a newly named ambassador being received by Bahrain’s crown prince and prime minister. Bahrain stays inside the normalization framework in a way the public can see.
Morocco is a related but slightly different case. The main document is the Joint Declaration between the Kingdom of Morocco, the United States and the State of Israel. Israel’s public presence in Morocco is a liaison office in Rabat. The Israeli mission calls the tie a renewal of old ties, not a fresh start. Morocco fits in the normalization group. Its public form still uses liaison-office language, not a full embassy.
Sudan is a partial case, not a mature one
Sudan should not be lumped in with the UAE, Bahrain, or Morocco. Sudan signed the Abraham Accords Declaration in January 2021. That is a real and important document. But a signed declaration is not the same as a full diplomatic tie with active missions and regular bilateral work. For a page like this, Sudan belongs in a partial or incomplete group, not with states that have visible working missions.
The Saudi track is still unrealized
Saudi Arabia is the most important non-normalized state in this talk. The Kingdom has stated its position in official terms. In a February 7, 2024 foreign ministry statement, Saudi Arabia said there will be no ties with Israel unless two things happen. First, an independent Palestinian state is recognized on the 1967 lines with East Jerusalem as its capital. Second, the war in Gaza stops with Israeli forces leaving the Strip. That does not settle the future. It does settle the current formal status. There are no diplomatic relations.
What this page does and does not claim
This page is about documented diplomatic standing. It is not about warmth, covert channels, or future possibilities. It does not claim that peace treaties end hostility, that normalization deals end public opposition, or that unofficial contact counts as recognition. It is a map of the formal record. On that record, the Middle East holds more than one Israel story at once. Durable treaty peace with Egypt and Jordan. Public normalization with the UAE, Bahrain, and Morocco. A stalled Sudan track. A Saudi track that is conditional on paper and not yet built.